{"id":585,"date":"2023-07-02T08:55:52","date_gmt":"2023-07-02T06:55:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/?p=585"},"modified":"2024-01-18T14:37:39","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T13:37:39","slug":"emuler-un-ti99-4a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/?p=585","title":{"rendered":"Emuler un TI99\/4A \u00e0 la recherche de la p\u00e9dagogie sur machine des \u00ab\u00a0eighties\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Le TI99\/4A est un ordinateur fabriqu\u00e9 par Texas Instruments au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 80. Il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le premier ordinateur domestique 16 bits. Les programmes sont distribu\u00e9s sur cartouche et plus rarement sur disquettes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour en savoir plus sur cette machine, vous pouvez visiter le (tr\u00e8s bon) site <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ti99.com\/ti\/\">TI99.com<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"241\" src=\"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/texas_instruments_ti99_4a-7518-300x241.jpg\" alt=\"Ordinateur personnel TI99\/4A de Texas Instrument\" class=\"wp-image-94\" style=\"object-fit:contain;width:640px;height:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/texas_instruments_ti99_4a-7518-300x241.jpg 300w, https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/texas_instruments_ti99_4a-7518-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/texas_instruments_ti99_4a-7518-768x616.jpg 768w, https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/texas_instruments_ti99_4a-7518.jpg 1248w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-couleur-1-color\">Ordinateur personnel TI99\/4A de Texas Instrument<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Il existe <a href=\"http:\/\/www.emu-france.com\/emulateurs\/10-ordinateurs\/157-texas-instruments-99-4a\/\">plusieurs \u00e9mulateurs du TI99\/A4<\/a>, pour ma part, j&rsquo;ai retenu Classic 99 ( t\u00e9l\u00e9chargeable \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/harmlesslion.com\/software\/classic99\/\">https:\/\/harmlesslion.com\/software\/classic99\/<\/a>).  A cause de la parano\u00efa de mon antivirus, j&rsquo;utilise une version personnelle un peu nettoy\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;installation est tr\u00e8s ais\u00e9e, il suffit de d\u00e9compacter le fichier zip, et le fichier est un ex\u00e9cutable portable, donc ne n\u00e9cessitant pas d&rsquo;installation. Il est possible d&#8217;embarquer les cartouches de logiciels (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theoldcomputer.com\/roms\/index.php?folder=Texas-Instruments\/TI-99-4A\/Cartridges\">t\u00e9l\u00e9chargeables ici<\/a>) dans le zip. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-align-center wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/ressources\/emulation\/classic99_modif.zip\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger l&rsquo;executable<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Utiliser un logiciel \u00e9ducatif<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>De nombreux logiciels \u00e9ducatifs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 impl\u00e9ment\u00e9s sur le TI 99\/4A. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l&rsquo;informatique domestique naissante \u00e9tait largement promue comme un moyen d&rsquo;accompagner l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation des enfants et adolescents au-del\u00e0 de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"903\" src=\"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1980S-COMPUTER-21-1024x903-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1019\" srcset=\"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1980S-COMPUTER-21-1024x903-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1980S-COMPUTER-21-1024x903-1-300x265.jpg 300w, https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1980S-COMPUTER-21-1024x903-1-768x677.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Un certain nombre de cartouches ont donc \u00e9t\u00e9 produites pour les ordinateurs individuels (et donc les TI 99\/4A) \u00e0 des fins \u00e9ducatives. On peut ais\u00e9ment retrouver la \u00ab\u00a0patte\u00a0\u00bb du fabricant dans ces logiciels. J&rsquo;interpr\u00e8te cette r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 \u00e0 la double lueur d&rsquo;un besoin de production massive en logiciel des ann\u00e9es 80 (vous pouvez regarder la s\u00e9rie <em>High Score<\/em> de <em>Netflix <\/em>pour saisir les enjeux de cette p\u00e9riode)  et \u00e0 un certain dogmatisme p\u00e9dagogique (Skinner et le behaviorisme ne sont jamais tr\u00e8s loin dans beaucoup ces logiciels nord am\u00e9ricains).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour d\u00e9marrer les cartouches, il suffit de lancer l&rsquo;\u00e9mulateur, puis de s\u00e9lectionner la cartouche d\u00e9sir\u00e9e. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"text-align:center\" >\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ING55CnUeMw\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\n<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>On peut lancer les cartouches de logiciels \u00e9ducatif \u00e9diteur par \u00e9diteur pour saisir cette dualit\u00e9 productiviste et p\u00e9dagogique et observer les solutions retenues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Editeur<\/td><td>Logiciels<\/td><td>Contenu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Addison Wesley Publishing Company<\/td><td>Computer Math Games I \u00e0 VI<\/td><td>jeux math\u00e9matiques \u00e0 score seul ou en duel<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Developmental Learning Materials and Kansas University<\/td><td>Alien Addition<br>Aligatoe Mix<br>Demolition Division<br>Dragon Mix<br>Meteor Mutliplication<br>Minus Mission<br>Verb Viper<br>Word Invasion<br>Word radar<\/td><td>Jeux de renforcement <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Milliken (Milliken Math Sequences)<\/td><td>Addition<br>Decimals<br>Division<br>Equations<br>Fractionals numbers<br>Integers<br>Laws of Arithmetic<br>Measurment formulas<br> Multilication<br> Number Readiness &amp; Addition<br>Percents<br>Substraction<\/td><td>Entrainement aux math\u00e9matiques <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Navarone<\/td><td>Speed Reader<br>Typoman<\/td><td>Travail sur les performances <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Scholastic Inc<\/td><td>Scholastic Spelling &#8211; Level 3 \u00e0 6<\/td><td>exercices d&rsquo;\u00e9pellation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Scott Foresman Electronic Publishing<\/td><td>Addition And Subtraction 1<br>Addition And Subtraction 2<br>Decimals 2<br>Division 1<br>Division 1<br>Early Reading<br>Fractions 1<br>Mighty Multiplication 2<br>Multiplication 1<br>Multiplication 1<br>Number Bowling<br>Numeration 1<br>Numeration 2<br>Picture Parts<br>Reading Adventures<br>Reading Cheers<br>Reading Flight<br>Reading Fun<br>Reading On<br>Reading Power<br>Reading Rally<br>Reading Roundup<br>Reading Trail<br>Reading Wonder<\/td><td>Accompagnement scolaire par module \u00e9ventuellement associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un gestionnaire de cours <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Texas Instruments<\/td><td>An Introduction to Plant Genetics<br>Beginning Grammar<br>Early Learning Fun<br>Early Logo Learning Fun<br>Germ Patrol <br>Mini Memory<br>Music SDA<br>Number Magic<br>Statistics<\/td><td>\u00c9l\u00e9ments de cours<br>(\u00c0 noter <em>Number magic<\/em> qui reprend des activit\u00e9s des calculatrices invers\u00e9es)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-couleur-1-color\">Quelques logiciels \u00e9ducatifs disponibles sur TI99\/4A<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plato Courseware<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Parmi les productions sur TI99\/4A, celle produite par <em>Control Data Corporation<\/em> (CDC) et l&rsquo;<em>Universit\u00e9 Urbana-Champaign de l&rsquo;Illinois<\/em> est particuli\u00e8rement originale. Alors que les cartouches proposent de travailler des domaines sp\u00e9cifiques (addition, multiplication, orthographe, arithm\u00e9tique), Le <em>PLATO courseware <\/em>ambitionne de couvrir la totalit\u00e9 du cursus scolaire U.S. de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque. Ces cours ont \u00e9galement commercialis\u00e9s sur Apple, comme le montre la publicit\u00e9 ci-dessous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"704\" src=\"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1980S-COMPUTER-19-1024x704-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-588\" srcset=\"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1980S-COMPUTER-19-1024x704-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1980S-COMPUTER-19-1024x704-1-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1980S-COMPUTER-19-1024x704-1-768x528.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;algorithme utilis\u00e9 pour faire fonctionner ces cours a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 60, et afin de produire massivement ces cours l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Illinois a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un langage propre. La saga <em>PLATO<\/em> fera sans l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;un billet prochainement.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"524\" height=\"413\" src=\"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1961-algortihme-PLATO.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1032\" srcset=\"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1961-algortihme-PLATO.jpg 524w, https:\/\/albooms.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1961-algortihme-PLATO-300x236.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-couleur-1-color\">Algorithme du syt\u00e8me PLATO (Bitzer et al., 1961, p.159)<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces cours s&rsquo;appuient simultan\u00e9ment sur des cartouches et des disquettes, et leur utilisation dans l&rsquo;\u00e9mulateur s&rsquo;av\u00e8re un tout petit peu peu plus complexe qu&rsquo;avec des cartouches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;acc\u00e8s quasi complet \u00e0 l&rsquo;offre <em>PLATO courseware<\/em> permet donc \u00e0 la fois d&rsquo;acc\u00e9der \u00e0 une production massive d&rsquo;enseignement assist\u00e9 par ordinateur \u00e0 son apog\u00e9e et de photographier la quasi int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 du cursus scolaire (certes US) de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>MATHEMATIQUES<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">DISQUES<\/td><td>GRADES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Numbers 0-9<\/td><td>1-3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Numbers 10-1000<\/td><td>1-4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Addition 1<\/td><td>1-3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Addition 2<\/td><td>1-4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Subtraction-Basic Concepts<\/td><td>1-4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Subtraction Skills<\/td><td>1-4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Multiplication-Basic Concepts<\/td><td>2-6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Multiplication Skills 1<\/td><td>2-6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Multiplication Skills 2<\/td><td>2-6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Division-Basic Concepts<\/td><td>2-6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Division Skills 1<\/td><td>2-6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Division Skills 2<\/td><td>3-6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Fractions-Terminology &amp; Concepts<\/td><td>2-5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Addition and Subtraction<\/td><td>3-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Multiplication &amp; Division<\/td><td>3-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Decimals-Terminology &amp; Concepts<\/td><td>3-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ratio, Proportion &amp; Percents<\/td><td>3-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Geometry-Basic Concepts<\/td><td>2-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Measurement<\/td><td>3-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Basic Number Ideas 2<\/td><td>4-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Math Sentences in One Variable 1<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Math Sentences in One Variable 2<\/td><td>6-1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Math Sentences in Two Variables<\/td><td>8-1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Geometry<\/td><td>8-1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Measurement<\/td><td>6-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Special Topics<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>LECTURE<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">DISQUES<\/td><td>GRADES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Basic Word Building<\/td><td>2-5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">More Basic Word Building<\/td><td>2-5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Complex Word Buiiding<\/td><td>2-6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Prefixes Suffixes and Compound Words&nbsp;<\/td><td>3-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">More Prefixes &amp; Suffixes<\/td><td>3-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Prefixes &amp; Suffixes in Context<\/td><td>4-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Se]ecting the Proper Words<\/td><td>3-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Choosing the Proper Words<\/td><td>3-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Dealing with Confusing Words<\/td><td>3-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Word Meanings<\/td><td>4-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Applying New Words<\/td><td>4-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Understanding &amp; Using New Words<\/td><td>4-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Locating Basic Facts<\/td><td>4-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">More Basic Facts from Reading<\/td><td>4-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">understanding What You Read<\/td><td>5-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Remembering What You Read<\/td><td>5-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Remembering More of What You Read<\/td><td>5-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">interpreting What You Read<\/td><td>5-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Understanding Basic Facts<\/td><td>5-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Describers and Conclusions<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Different Types of Describers and Conclusions<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Understanding the Whole Story<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Author\u2019s Purpose<\/td><td>5-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Evaluating What You Read&nbsp;<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Authors Purpose and Your Conclusions<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Separating Fact from Opinion<\/td><td>5-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Practical Reading 1<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Practical Reading 2<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">General Reading 1<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">General Reading 2<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Prose Literature 1<\/td><td>7-10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Prose Literature 2<\/td><td>7-10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Prose Literature 3<\/td><td>7-11<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Poetry<\/td><td>7-10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Drama<\/td><td>7-11<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>GRAMMAIRE<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">DISQUES<\/td><td>GRADES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Nouns and Verbs<\/td><td>3-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">More About Nouns and Verbs<\/td><td>3-6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Pronouns<\/td><td>3-6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Makin Nouns and Pronouns A ree<\/td><td>3-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Adjectives and Adverbs<\/td><td>3-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Prepositioris,Conjunctions,and Articles<\/td><td>3-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Learning About Sentences<\/td><td>3-6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Phrases and C]auses<\/td><td>4-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Subject and Verb Agreement<\/td><td>4-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">More about Sentences<\/td><td>4-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">More Than One<\/td><td>2-5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Word Confusion<\/td><td>3-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Capital Letters<\/td><td>3-5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Punctuation<\/td><td>3-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Making Letters Look Right<\/td><td>3-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Giving the Employer the Correct Information<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Spelling<\/td><td>4-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Punctuation<\/td><td>4-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Grammar 1<\/td><td>4-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Grammar 2<\/td><td>4-7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Grammar 3<\/td><td>5-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Diction<\/td><td>5-8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Sentence Structure<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Logic &amp; Organization<\/td><td>6-9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>SCIENCES<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">DISQUES<\/td><td>GRADES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Physics 1<\/td><td>7-12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Physics 2<\/td><td>8-12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Chemistry<\/td><td>8-12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Earth Science 1<\/td><td>6-10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Earth Science 2<\/td><td>6-10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Biology 1<\/td><td>7-10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Biology 2<\/td><td>7-10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Biology 3<\/td><td>7-10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Biology 4<\/td><td>7-10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>SCIENCES SOCIALES<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">DISQUES<\/td><td>GRADES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Economics 1<\/td><td>7-12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Economics 2<\/td><td>7-12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Behavorial Science 1<\/td><td>7-12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Behavorial Science 2<\/td><td>7-12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Political Science 2<\/td><td>7-12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">History 1<\/td><td>6-12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">History 2<\/td><td>6-11<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">History 3<\/td><td>6-11<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-couleur-1-color\">Listes des cours Plato sur TI 99\/4A<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pour ne pas r\u00e9ellement conclure<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9mulation du TI 99\/4A nous permet d&rsquo;acc\u00e9der \u00e0 deux volets compl\u00e9mentaires de la formation \u00ab\u00a0avec le num\u00e9rique\u00a0\u00bb. D&rsquo;une part, ce que les am\u00e9ricains ont l&rsquo;habitude d&rsquo;appeler les learning aids, c&rsquo;est \u00e0 dire de petits compl\u00e9ments scolaires permettant de renforcer certains apprentissages (automatisation du calcul, par exemple), dont l&rsquo;inspiration est fortement influenc\u00e9e par le behaviorisme. Et d&rsquo;autre part, l&rsquo;enseignement assist\u00e9 par ordinateur qui visait plus ou moins \u00e0 remplacer l&rsquo;enseignement traditionnel. Ce second mod\u00e8le ne peut pas se satisfaire d&rsquo;une approche behavioriste simple. Il articule donc une approche ramifi\u00e9e, o\u00f9 le droit \u00e0 l&rsquo;erreur est permis, contrairement aux canons des approches skinn\u00e9riennes. Cependant, la fr\u00e9quentation de l&rsquo;erreur n&rsquo;engage pas l&rsquo;apprenant dans de boucles de r\u00e9gulations complexes, comme dans les parcours ramifi\u00e9s de type Crowd\u00e9riens. Apr\u00e8s deux essais infructueux, la r\u00e9ponse est d\u00e9voil\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;apprenant pour qu&rsquo;il puisse poursuivre sa progression.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le TI99\/4A est un ordinateur fabriqu\u00e9 par Texas Instruments au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 80. Il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le premier ordinateur domestique 16 bits. Les programmes sont distribu\u00e9s sur cartouche et plus rarement sur disquettes. Pour en savoir plus sur cette machine, vous pouvez visiter le (tr\u00e8s bon) site TI99.com. Il existe plusieurs \u00e9mulateurs du [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":94,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":69,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-simulation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/585","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=585"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/585\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1119,"href":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/585\/revisions\/1119"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/94"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=585"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=585"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albooms.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpost_folder&post=585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}